Identify the bonds formed between the following pairs o...

Identify the bonds formed between the following pairs o atoms as either covalent or ionic.
(a) Aluminum and bromine
(b) Carbon and fluorine
(c) Cesium and iodine
(d) Zinc and fluorine
(e) Lithium and chlorine

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Key Concepts

Electronegativity

Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons when forming a chemical bond. A large difference in electronegativity between two atoms often indicates that the bond will be ionic, due to electron transfer, while a small difference tends to result in a covalent bond, where electrons are shared more equally.

Ionic Bonding

Ionic bonding occurs when atoms transfer electrons from one to another, typically between metals and nonmetals. This electron transfer results in the formation of oppositely charged ions that are held together by strong electrostatic forces. The significant difference in electronegativity between the participating atoms is a key factor that leads to the formation of ionic bonds.

Covalent Bonding

Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, typically nonmetals, to achieve a full valence shell and obtain a stable electronic configuration. Instead of a complete transfer of electrons, as seen in ionic bonds, covalent bonding relies on the mutual attraction between the shared electrons and the nuclei of both atoms.

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