Identify the five compounds of H, N, and O described below. For each compound, write a Lewis str

Name: Problem 158, Chapter 8: Chemistry
Uploaded: 2024-01-04T00:24:32-08:00
Channel: Susan Hallstrom

step 1 In this problem, the submarathon problem, we're asked to identify five compounds that consist of

Question

Identify the five compounds of $\mathrm{H}, \mathrm{N}$, and $\mathrm{O}$ described below. For each compound, write a Lewis structure that is consistent with the information given. a. All the compounds are electrolytes, although not all of them are strong electrolytes. Compounds $\mathrm{C}$ and $\mathrm{D}$ are ionic and compound $\mathrm{B}$ is covalent. b. Nitrogen occurs in its highest possible oxidation state in compounds $\mathrm{A}$ and $\mathrm{C}$; nitrogen occurs in its lowest possible oxidation state in compounds $\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{D}$, and $\mathrm{E}$. The formal charge on both nitrogens in compound $\mathrm{C}$ is $+1$; the formal charge on the only nitrogen in compound $\mathrm{B}$ is $0 .$ c. Compounds A and E exist in solution. Both solutions give off gases. Commercially available concentrated solutions of compound $\mathrm{A}$ are normally $16 M .$ The commercial, concentrated solution of compound $\mathrm{E}$ is $15 M$. d. Commercial solutions of compound $\mathrm{E}$ are labeled with a misnomer that implies that a binary, gaseous compound of nitrogen and hydrogen has reacted with water to produce ammonium ions and hydroxide ions. Actually, this reaction occurs to only a slight extent. e. Compound $\mathrm{D}$ is $43.7 \% \mathrm{~N}$ and $50.0 \% \mathrm{O}$ by mass. If compound D were a gas at STP, it would have a density of $2.86 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{L}$. f. A formula unit of compound $\mathrm{C}$ has one more oxygen than a formula unit of compound D. Compounds $\mathrm{C}$ and $\mathrm{A}$ have one ion in common when compound $\mathrm{A}$ is acting as a strong electrolyte. g. Solutions of compound $\mathrm{C}$ are weakly acidic; solutions of compound $\mathrm{A}$ are strongly acidic; solutions of compounds $\mathrm{B}$ and $\mathrm{E}$ are basic. The titration of $0.726 \mathrm{~g}$ compound $\mathrm{B}$ requires $21.98 \mathrm{~mL}$ of $1.000 M \mathrm{HCl}$ for complete neutralization.

   Identify the five compounds of $\mathrm{H}, \mathrm{N}$, and $\mathrm{O}$ described below. For each compound, write a Lewis structure that is consistent with the information given.
a. All the compounds are electrolytes, although not all of them are strong electrolytes. Compounds $\mathrm{C}$ and $\mathrm{D}$ are ionic and compound $\mathrm{B}$ is covalent.
b. Nitrogen occurs in its highest possible oxidation state in compounds $\mathrm{A}$ and $\mathrm{C}$; nitrogen occurs in its lowest possible oxidation state in compounds $\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{D}$, and $\mathrm{E}$. The formal charge on both nitrogens in compound $\mathrm{C}$ is $+1$; the formal charge on the only nitrogen in compound $\mathrm{B}$ is $0 .$
c. Compounds A and E exist in solution. Both solutions give off gases. Commercially available concentrated solutions of compound $\mathrm{A}$ are normally $16 M .$ The commercial, concentrated solution of compound $\mathrm{E}$ is $15 M$.
d. Commercial solutions of compound $\mathrm{E}$ are labeled with a misnomer that implies that a binary, gaseous compound of nitrogen and hydrogen has reacted with water to produce ammonium ions and hydroxide ions. Actually, this reaction occurs to only a slight extent.
e. Compound $\mathrm{D}$ is $43.7 \% \mathrm{~N}$ and $50.0 \% \mathrm{O}$ by mass. If compound D were a gas at STP, it would have a density of $2.86 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{L}$.
f. A formula unit of compound $\mathrm{C}$ has one more oxygen than a formula unit of compound D. Compounds $\mathrm{C}$ and $\mathrm{A}$ have one ion in common when compound $\mathrm{A}$ is acting as a strong electrolyte.
g. Solutions of compound $\mathrm{C}$ are weakly acidic; solutions of compound $\mathrm{A}$ are strongly acidic; solutions of compounds $\mathrm{B}$ and $\mathrm{E}$ are basic. The titration of $0.726 \mathrm{~g}$ compound $\mathrm{B}$ requires $21.98 \mathrm{~mL}$ of $1.000 M \mathrm{HCl}$ for complete neutralization.

Chemistry

Steven S. Zumdahl,… 8th Edition

Chapter 8, Problem 158

Instant Answer

Solved by Expert Susan Hallstrom

01/04/2024

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We know that compounds A, B, C, D, and E contain hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O). Show more…

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Identify the five compounds of $\mathrm{H}, \mathrm{N}$, and $\mathrm{O}$ described below. For each compound, write a Lewis structure that is consistent with the information given. a. All the compounds are electrolytes, although not all of them are strong electrolytes. Compounds $\mathrm{C}$ and $\mathrm{D}$ are ionic and compound $\mathrm{B}$ is covalent. b. Nitrogen occurs in its highest possible oxidation state in compounds $\mathrm{A}$ and $\mathrm{C}$; nitrogen occurs in its lowest possible oxidation state in compounds $\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{D}$, and $\mathrm{E}$. The formal charge on both nitrogens in compound $\mathrm{C}$ is $+1$; the formal charge on the only nitrogen in compound $\mathrm{B}$ is $0 .$ c. Compounds A and E exist in solution. Both solutions give off gases. Commercially available concentrated solutions of compound $\mathrm{A}$ are normally $16 M .$ The commercial, concentrated solution of compound $\mathrm{E}$ is $15 M$. d. Commercial solutions of compound $\mathrm{E}$ are labeled with a misnomer that implies that a binary, gaseous compound of nitrogen and hydrogen has reacted with water to produce ammonium ions and hydroxide ions. Actually, this reaction occurs to only a slight extent. e. Compound $\mathrm{D}$ is $43.7 \% \mathrm{~N}$ and $50.0 \% \mathrm{O}$ by mass. If compound D were a gas at STP, it would have a density of $2.86 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{L}$. f. A formula unit of compound $\mathrm{C}$ has one more oxygen than a formula unit of compound D. Compounds $\mathrm{C}$ and $\mathrm{A}$ have one ion in common when compound $\mathrm{A}$ is acting as a strong electrolyte. g. Solutions of compound $\mathrm{C}$ are weakly acidic; solutions of compound $\mathrm{A}$ are strongly acidic; solutions of compounds $\mathrm{B}$ and $\mathrm{E}$ are basic. The titration of $0.726 \mathrm{~g}$ compound $\mathrm{B}$ requires $21.98 \mathrm{~mL}$ of $1.000 M \mathrm{HCl}$ for complete neutralization.

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Key Concepts

Lewis Structures

Lewis structures are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They are used to represent the valence electrons in molecules and provide insight into the molecular geometry, bonding interactions, and reactivity of the compound.

Oxidation States

Oxidation states (or oxidation numbers) are a bookkeeping method for electrons in a molecule which help in understanding redox reactions and the distribution of electron density. They are assigned based on an atom’s electronegativity and the nature of its bonds and are instrumental in predicting the chemical behavior and reactivity of compounds.

Formal Charges

Formal charges are calculated values that assist in determining the most stable Lewis structure by evaluating the difference between the number of valence electrons in an isolated atom and the electrons assigned to it in a molecule. They are crucial for understanding the distribution of charge within a molecule and for verifying the plausibility of proposed structures.

Ionic versus Covalent Compounds

The distinction between ionic and covalent compounds lies in the nature of the bond formation. Ionic compounds form from the electrostatic attraction between cations and anions, typically involving a metal and a nonmetal, while covalent compounds form when atoms share electrons. This difference influences properties such as melting points, solubility, and electrical conductivity in solution.

Molecular Formula Determination

Determining a compound’s molecular or empirical formula involves using percentage composition, density data, and experimental measurements. Such calculations enable chemists to deduce the ratio of atoms in a compound, which is fundamental for understanding the compound’s structure and composition.

Titration and Stoichiometry

Titration is an analytical technique used to determine the concentration of a solute in a solution by reacting it with a solution of a known concentration. The stoichiometric relationships revealed through titration allow for the quantification of the reacting species, making it a key concept in analytical chemistry and reaction mechanism studies.

Electrolytes and Their Dissociation

Electrolytes are substances that, when dissolved in a solvent such as water, dissociate into ions, thus conducting electricity. The extent of dissociation can vary, classifying them as strong or weak electrolytes, which is important in predicting their behavior in solution, including conductivity and acid–base properties.

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