Identify with ionic formulas the cations and anions of the...

Identify with ionic formulas the cations and anions of the following salts:
a. $\mathrm{NH}_4 \mathrm{NO}_3$
b. $\mathrm{CaCl}_2$
c. $\mathrm{Mg}\left(\mathrm{HCO}_3\right)_2$
d. $\mathrm{KC}_2 \mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{O}_2$
e. $\mathrm{LiHSO}_3$

Key Concepts

Charge Balance

Charge balance in ionic compounds is the principle that the total positive charge from the cations must equal the total negative charge from the anions. This ensures that the overall compound is electrically neutral, and it is essential when determining the correct subscripts in ionic formulas.

Polyatomic Ions

Polyatomic ions are ions that consist of two or more atoms covalently bonded together that act as a single charge unit. They can be either positively or negatively charged and often appear in ionic compounds, requiring balanced formulas that account for their net charges.

Cations

Cations are positively charged ions that form when an atom or molecule loses one or more electrons. In ionic compounds, these typically arise from metal atoms or ammonium groups, and they are written first in ionic formulas.

Ionic Compounds

Ionic compounds are chemical compounds composed of ions held together by electrostatic forces called ionic bonds. These compounds are typically formed between metals and nonmetals, where electrons are transferred from the metal (forming positive ions) to the nonmetal (forming negative ions).

Anions

Anions are negatively charged ions that form when an atom or molecule gains one or more electrons. In ionic compounds, these are usually derived from nonmetals or polyatomic groups containing oxygen, and they are written after the cation in the ionic formula.

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