If a body of mass m is moving on a rough horizontal surface...

If a body of mass $m$ is moving on a rough horizontal surface of coefficient of kinetic friction $\mu$, the net electromagnetic force exerted by surface on the body is:
(a) $m g \sqrt{1+\mu^{2}}$
(b) $\mu \mathrm{mg}$
(c) $m g$
(d) $m g \sqrt{1-\mu^{2}}$

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Key Concepts

Normal Force

This is the reactive force exerted by a surface to support the weight of an object resting on it. In a horizontal setup, the normal force typically equals the gravitational force acting downward, provided there are no other vertical forces.

Kinetic Friction

This force acts in opposition to the motion of the object sliding along a rough surface. It is directly proportional to the normal force and is characterized by the coefficient of kinetic friction, which quantifies the resistance between moving surfaces.

Coefficient of Kinetic Friction

This is a dimensionless parameter that represents the ratio between the kinetic friction force and the normal force. It depends on the materials in contact and is used to calculate the magnitude of frictional forces during sliding motion.

Vector Addition of Forces

The net electromagnetic force on a moving object in contact with a surface can be determined by vectorially adding the normal force (acting perpendicularly) and the friction force (acting parallel to the surface). This approach highlights that while individual forces have specific directions, their combination provides the overall contact force resulting from electromagnetic interactions.

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