If a mixture containing 3 moles of hydrogen and 1 mole of...

If a mixture containing 3 moles of hydrogen and 1 mole of nitrogen is converted completely into ammonia, the ratio of volumes of reactants and products at the same temperature and pressure would be
(a) $2: 1$
(b) $1: 2$
(c) $1: 3$
(d) $3: 1$

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Key Concepts

Balanced Chemical Equation

This concept involves writing the chemical equation with the same number of atoms for each element on both sides of the reaction, ensuring mass conservation. In this case, N? + 3H? ? 2NH? is balanced, which is crucial for determining stoichiometric ratios of reactants and products.

Mole Concept

The mole concept is fundamental in chemistry as it relates the amount of substance to its number of particles. Understanding that at constant temperature and pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles allows one to equate mole ratios with volume ratios.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry involves using the balanced chemical equation to calculate the relative quantities of reactants and products. By applying the stoichiometric coefficients from the balanced equation, one can determine the conversion of reactants (moles) into products (moles), which directly relates to their volumetric ratios under the same conditions.

Ideal Gas Law and Volume Relationships

Under conditions of constant temperature and pressure, the ideal gas law implies that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles. This principle enables the use of mole ratios from the chemical equation to directly infer ratios of volumes of gases involved in the reaction.

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