In 2009, a team from Northwestern University and Western...

In $2009,$ a team from Northwestern University and Western Washington University reported the preparation of a new "spongy" material composed of nickel, molybdenum, and sulfur that excels at removing mercury from water. The density of this new material is $0.20 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3},$ and its surface area is $1242 \mathrm{~m}^{2}$ per gram of material. (a) Calculate the volume of a (b) Calculate the surface area for $10.0-\mathrm{mg}$ sample of this material. a $10.0-\mathrm{mg}$ sample of this material. $(\mathbf{c})$ A $10.0-\mathrm{mL}$ sample of contaminated water had $7.748 \mathrm{mg}$ of mercury in it. After treatment with $10.0 \mathrm{mg}$ of the new spongy material, $0.001 \mathrm{mg}$ of mercury remained in the contaminated water. What percentage of the (d) What is the final mass mercury was removed from the water? of the spongy material after the exposure to mercury?

In $2009,$ a team from Northwestern University and Western Washington University reported the preparation of a new "spongy" material composed of nickel, molybdenum, and sulfur that excels at removing mercury from water. The density of this new material is $0.20 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3},$ and its surface area is $1242 \mathrm{~m}^{2}$ per gram of material. (a) Calculate the volume of a
(b) Calculate the surface area for $10.0-\mathrm{mg}$ sample of this material. a $10.0-\mathrm{mg}$ sample of this material. $(\mathbf{c})$ A $10.0-\mathrm{mL}$ sample of contaminated water had $7.748 \mathrm{mg}$ of mercury in it. After treatment with $10.0 \mathrm{mg}$ of the new spongy material, $0.001 \mathrm{mg}$ of mercury remained in the contaminated water. What percentage of the
(d) What is the final mass mercury was removed from the water? of the spongy material after the exposure to mercury?

Key Concepts

Density

Density is a fundamental material property that relates the mass of a substance to its volume. It is expressed as mass per unit volume and is essential for converting between mass and volume in various calculations. Understanding density allows one to determine how much space a given mass of material will occupy, which is crucial in fields such as materials science and engineering.

Surface Area

Surface area represents the total area available on the outer layer of a material and is particularly important in processes like adsorption and catalysis. A high surface area allows more reactive sites for interactions with other substances, enhancing the effectiveness of the material in processes like contaminant removal.

Unit Conversions

Unit conversions involve translating measurements from one set of units to another (for example, converting milligrams to grams, or centimeters cubed to liters). Mastery of unit conversion is crucial in ensuring that calculations are consistent and accurate when working with various physical quantities in scientific problems.

Percentage Calculations

Percentage calculations are used to determine relative changes, comparisons, or efficiencies by expressing values as fractions of 100. This concept is vital for evaluating removal efficiencies or recovery rates in processes and helps in quantifying the effectiveness of a treatment or reaction.

Adsorption Processes

Adsorption is the process by which atoms, ions, or molecules adhere to a surface. It plays a significant role in contaminant removal technologies, where the large surface area of a material like a spongy adsorbent facilitates the capture and retention of unwanted substances such as mercury from water.

Mass Accumulation

Mass accumulation refers to the change in mass of a material as it interacts with other substances, such as during adsorption or reaction processes. This concept is important when analyzing how much of a contaminant is captured by an adsorbent, leading to an increase in the adsorbent's overall mass.

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