In a dilute nitric acid solution, copper reacts to form...

In a dilute nitric acid solution, copper reacts to form copper nitrate, nitrogen monoxide, and water according to the following equation: $3 \mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{s})+8 \mathrm{HNO}_{3}(\mathrm{aq}) \longrightarrow$ $$3 \mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{NO}(\mathrm{g})+4 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l})$$ In a vessel, $800.0 \mathrm{mL}$ of $0.500 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HNO}_{3}$ is added to $3.177 \mathrm{g}$ of copper, and the vessel is then sealed. After an hour, the vessel is opened and drained, and the remaining copper rinsed, dried, and weighed. The remaining mass of the copper was $0.0739 \mathrm{g}$ (a) Calculate the extent of the reaction. (b) Calculate the moles of NO generated by the reaction and the moles of $\mathrm{HNO}_{3}$ remaining.

In a dilute nitric acid solution, copper reacts to form copper nitrate, nitrogen monoxide, and water according to the following equation:
$3 \mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{s})+8 \mathrm{HNO}_{3}(\mathrm{aq}) \longrightarrow$
$$3 \mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{NO}(\mathrm{g})+4 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l})$$
In a vessel, $800.0 \mathrm{mL}$ of $0.500 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HNO}_{3}$ is added to $3.177 \mathrm{g}$ of copper, and the vessel is then sealed. After an hour, the vessel is opened and drained, and the remaining copper rinsed, dried, and weighed. The remaining mass of the copper was $0.0739 \mathrm{g}$
(a) Calculate the extent of the reaction.
(b) Calculate the moles of NO generated by the reaction and the moles of $\mathrm{HNO}_{3}$ remaining.

Key Concepts

Mole Concept and Molarity

The mole concept is a fundamental idea in chemistry that connects the mass of a substance to the number of particles it contains, using the substance’s molar mass. Molarity, defined as moles of solute per liter of solution, enables the conversion between the volume of a solution and the number of moles of a solute present. Together, these concepts are imperative for performing quantitative analyses in chemical reactions, particularly in solution-based processes.

Extent of Reaction

The extent of reaction, often denoted by the symbol ?, quantifies how far a reaction has proceeded. It is typically defined based on the change in moles of a reactant or product and the corresponding stoichiometric coefficient. This measure allows for the determination of how much of each reactant has been converted into product, and it is fundamental in calculating the remaining quantities after a reaction has occurred.

Limiting Reactant

The concept of the limiting reactant is key in reactions where the reactants are not present in the exact stoichiometric proportions. The limiting reactant is the substance that is completely consumed first, and it determines the maximum amount of product that can be formed. Identifying the limiting reactant is essential when calculating the extent of the reaction and the theoretical yield.

Balanced Chemical Equation

A balanced chemical equation shows the conservation of mass by indicating the exact number of moles for each reactant and product that participate in the reaction. It provides the stoichiometric coefficients necessary to perform mole?to?mole conversions among the substances involved in the reaction.

Reaction Stoichiometry

Reaction stoichiometry uses the balanced equation to quantitatively relate the amounts of reactants consumed to the amounts of products produced. By using the stoichiometric coefficients, one can determine the mole ratios between substances, which is crucial for predicting the yield of a reaction or determining how much of a reactant is required or remains.

Transcript

Please give Ace some feedback