In an emergency stop to avoid an accident, a shoulder-strap...

In an emergency stop to avoid an accident, a shoulder-strap seatbelt holds a 60 -kg passenger in place. If the car was initially traveling at $90 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$ and came to a stop in $5.5 \mathrm{~s}$ along a straight, level road, what was the average force applied to the passenger by the seatbelt?

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Key Concepts

Impulse-Momentum Theorem

This theorem relates the impulse, which is the product of force and the time interval over which it acts, to the change in momentum of an object. It provides an alternative approach to analyzing situations where forces act over a period of time, such as in collision or braking scenarios.

Newton's Second Law

This fundamental law of motion states that the net force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration (F = ma). It is a cornerstone principle in mechanics that enables calculation of forces when mass and acceleration are known.

Average Acceleration

Average acceleration is defined as the change in velocity divided by the time interval over which this change occurs. In problems involving uniform deceleration or acceleration, it is essential for determining how quickly an object's speed changes, which in turn is used to calculate the force acting on the object.

Kinematics and Unit Conversion

Kinematics involves the study of motion, including parameters such as velocity, acceleration, and time. Unit conversion is often required, for example, converting speed from kilometers per hour to meters per second to ensure consistency with the SI unit system when performing calculations.

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