In cancer cells, alteration to epigenetic modifications turns off genes that are normally expres

step 1 DNA methylation and histone deacetylation tightly packages the DNA into nucleosome preventing tr

In cancer cells, alteration to epigenetic modifications...

Key Concepts

Epigenetic Therapy

Epigenetic therapy involves the use of small molecules or drugs that target and reverse abnormal epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors. These therapeutic agents aim to restore normal gene expression patterns by reactivating silenced tumor suppressor genes in diseases such as cancer.

Epigenetic Modifications

Epigenetic modifications are chemical changes to DNA and histone proteins that affect gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. These modifications, such as methylation and acetylation, can switch genes on or off and have critical roles in normal development and disease states, including cancer.

DNA Methylation

DNA methylation involves the addition of methyl groups to cytosine bases in DNA, often leading to gene repression by affecting transcription factor binding and recruiting proteins that compact chromatin. In the context of disease, abnormal DNA methylation patterns can silence genes that normally suppress tumor development.

Histone Modifications

Histone modifications, including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination, alter the interaction between DNA and histone proteins, thereby regulating chromatin structure and accessibility of genes. Changes in these modifications can lead to inappropriate gene silencing or activation, contributing to cancer progression.

Chromatin Remodeling

Chromatin remodeling refers to the dynamic process by which the structure of chromatin is altered, enabling or restricting access of the transcription machinery to DNA. Remodeling can be influenced by epigenetic modifications and plays a fundamental role in regulating gene expression and maintaining cellular identity.

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