In Chapter 8, we evaluated the ep $\rightarrow$ eX cross section for the electron to be scattered into the $d E^{\prime} d \Omega$ element in the target proton rest frame (the laboratory frame). Show that
$$
d E^{\prime} d \Omega=\frac{\pi}{E E^{\prime}} d Q^2 d \nu=\frac{2 M E}{E^{\prime}} \pi y d x d y,
$$
where $x$ and $y$ are the dimensionless variables
$$
x=\frac{Q^2}{2 M \nu}, \quad y=\frac{p \cdot q}{p \cdot k_{(\mathrm{lab} .)}}=\frac{\nu}{E},
$$
see (8.30). The allowed kinematic region $(0 \leq x, y \leq 1)$ is shown in Fig. 9.3.