Recall that the dot product of two vectors $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$ is defined as:
$$\mathbf{A} \cdot \mathbf{B} = \sum_{i=1}^{n} A_i B_i$$
where $A_i$ and $B_i$ are the components of the vectors $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$, respectively, and $n$ is the
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