Is 2-butanol chiral?

Name: Problem 58, Chapter 24: Chemistry: The Central Science in SI Units, Global Edition
Uploaded: 2021-07-06T18:51:34-08:00
Duration: 6 min 15 s
Channel: Nicholas Sacco
Description: Is 2-butanol chiral?

Key Concepts

Chiral Center

A chiral center, often a carbon atom bonded to four different substituents, is the source of asymmetry in a molecule. This tetrahedral arrangement causes the molecule to exist in two distinct spatial configurations, leading to non-superimposable mirror images.

Stereochemistry

Stereochemistry deals with the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in molecules. It is essential for understanding how molecular shape and spatial configurations, such as those caused by chiral centers, influence the physical and chemical properties of compounds.

Chirality

Chirality is a concept in stereochemistry where a molecule cannot be superimposed on its mirror image. This lack of symmetry typically leads to the existence of two enantiomers, which, despite having the same formula, can exhibit different behaviors in biological and chemical systems.

Transcript

00:01 Okay, so i want to determine if two butanolous carbon, butene is four carbons, the ol ending, positive of an alcohol, and some carbon, so.

00:13 So a carol carbon has four different groups attached to it, and your best bet is looking at a secondary carbon with a substituate.

00:23 So this is going to be a carol carbon because we have the alcohol, a methyl, an ethyl, and then this hidden hydrogen here.

00:31 And if we were to assign configuration, let's say with the alcohol in the front, it's there for the hydrogen.

00:40 In the back.

00:42 The oxygen of the alcohol has the highest priority because it has the highest top of number.

00:48 And we know the hydrogen is going to be four as the lowest top of number.

00:52 So looking at the group in the left and the right, on the right we have ch3.

00:57 And on the left, we have ch2, ch3.

01:05 Okay, so the two hydrogen and the carbon cancel each other out for both groups.

01:12 On the right, we have the third hydrogen versus the carbon right here.

01:18 And the carbon is going to win because there's a higher atomic number.

01:21 So therefore, the ethyl is going to add more priority.

01:23 It also has a higher molar mass too, which probably a lot faster looking at that way.

01:29 It's going to be two, and that's three.

01:32 And if we go from one to two, two to three, then back to three to one, ignoring four.

01:38 It's going to be r, which is clockwise.

01:41 And we can also draw the enhancer or two.

01:44 It's going to be the opposite configuration, meaning that we're going to put the hydrogen on the wedge and the oh -h on the dash.

01:53 B .s.

01:58 So let's say we had a, let's see with the structure.

02:06 And we've determined it's cholera or not.

02:08 So looking at this carbon is a good place to start because it's secondary, we have a substitute.

02:14 But you'll notice that we have similar groups, the methyl, the two methyls.

02:19 So therefore it's not going to be a chiral center.

02:23 So we can also have carol centers and rings too...

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