For a vector $\mathbf{v} \in \mathbb{R}^n$ with components $v_1, v_2, \dots, v_n$, the Euclidean norm (or 2-norm) of $\mathbf{v}$ is given by:
\[ N(\mathbf{v}) = \|\mathbf{v}\| = \sqrt{v_1^2 + v_2^2 + \dots + v_n^2}. \]
Step 2:
Recall the definition of a linear
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