La serie de desintegración radiactiva natural que se inicia...

La serie de desintegración radiactiva natural que se inicia con el ${ }_{92}^{235} \mathrm{U}$ concluye con la formación del núcleo estable ${ }_{82}^{207} \mathrm{~Pb}$. Las desintegraciones se llevan a cabo por una serie de emisiones de particulas alfa y particulas beta. ¿Cuántas emisiones de cada tipo intervienen en esta serie?

Key Concepts

Alpha Decay

Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an unstable nucleus emits an alpha particle, which consists of two protons and two neutrons. This process decreases the atomic number by two and the mass number by four, leading to a different element and a reduced mass, thereby moving the nucleus closer to stability.

Beta Decay

Beta decay is a type of radioactive decay where a nucleus transforms one of its neutrons into a proton (or vice versa), emitting a beta particle (electron or positron) and an antineutrino or neutrino in the process. This decay changes the atomic number by one while keeping the mass number nearly constant, resulting in the transmutation of one element into another.

Radioactive Decay

This concept refers to the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation in the form of particles or electromagnetic waves. It involves a transformation from a parent nucleus into one or more different nuclei, often through a series of decay events that progress toward a more stable configuration.

Decay Series

A decay series is a sequence of radioactive decays that occur one after another, where the product of one decay becomes the precursor for the next. This chain of transformations continues until a stable nucleus is reached. Understanding decay series helps in tracking the changes in both mass number and atomic number over many decay steps.

Transcript

00:01 In this question, we are told that we have a decay process that goes through a series of half a particle and beta particle emission from uranium 235 .92 to lead 20782 pb.

00:22 Okay.

00:23 So we have to figure out the number of half particles and the number of beta particles of the beta decay and the alpha -de -particles that involve going from.

00:31 From uranium 235 to lead 20782.

00:36 So the first thing we need to do is to subtract the mass number from one another and the proton number from one another.

00:44 So if we subtract a mass number 235 from 207 from 235, we're gonna have 28 mass number and 10 proton number.

01:00 So this is proton.

01:04 And this is proton plus neutron.

01:11 So another thing to bear in mind is that we say it goes through half a decay and beta decay, so minus 1 electron.

01:24 So what we just have to do at this point is to run through a number of things.

01:31 So if you look at this, you realize that the beta particle, it has no mass number.

01:40 So that means it will not be contributing to the mass number 28.

01:46 So the only one is the helium, which is four mass number.

01:52 So it's going to be contributing to this 28.

01:55 So to determine the number of helium particles that will be emitted, we have to say 28 divided by 4 and that will be 7.

02:06 So straight away we know we have a 7 half a decay.

02:16 Okay.

02:19 So why don't we just go ahead and do it? so we have a 23592 uranium.

02:28 Go to 4 to h .e.

02:33 There should be plus 90x.

02:37 Just keep using hex.

02:38 Also can be checking the predictive every time...

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