A function \( T: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R} \) is a linear transformation if it satisfies two properties for all \( x, y \in \mathbb{R} \) and all scalars \( c \):
- Additivity: \( T(x + y) = T(x) + T(y) \)
- Homogeneity: \( T(cx) = cT(x) \)
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