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Let $ \{ {b_n} \} $ be a sequence of positive numbers that converges to $ \frac {1}{2}. $ Determine whether the given series is absolutely convergent.
$ \displaystyle \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} \frac {{{b_{n }^{n} \cos n \pi }}}{n} $
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Calculus 2 / BC
Chapter 11
Infinite Sequences and Series
Section 6
Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests
Sequences
Series
Oregon State University
University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
University of Nottingham
Lectures
01:59
In mathematics, a series is, informally speaking, the sum of the terms of an infinite sequence. The sum of a finite sequence of real numbers is called a finite series. The sum of an infinite sequence of real numbers may or may not have a well-defined sum, and may or may not be equal to the limit of the sequence, if it exists. The study of the sums of infinite sequences is a major area in mathematics known as analysis.
02:28
In mathematics, a sequence is an enumerated collection of objects in which repetitions are allowed. Like a set, it contains members (also called elements, or terms). The number of elements (possibly infinite) is called the length of the sequence. Unlike a set, order matters, and exactly the same elements can appear multiple times at different positions in the sequence. Formally, a sequence can be defined as a function whose domain is either the set of the natural numbers (for infinite sequences) or the set of the first "n" natural numbers (for a finite sequence). A sequence can be thought of as a list of elements with a particular order. Sequences are useful in a number of mathematical disciplines for studying functions, spaces, and other mathematical structures using the convergence properties of sequences. In particular, sequences are the basis for series, which are important in differential equations and analysis. Sequences are also of interest in their own right and can be studied as patterns or puzzles, such as in the study of prime numbers.
03:37
Let $ \{ {b_n} \} $ be a s…
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Determine whether the seri…
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Let $a_{n}=\frac{2 n}{3 n+…
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Let $\left\{b_{n}\right\}$…
What bnb A sequence, A positive numbers conversion toe. One half. We want to know whether the Siri's convergence so as usual, let's denote this term and turn by an and let's try to apply the root test and we'LL see why I went to the Rue test of one second First noticed that co sign and pie. If you start plugging in values of end equal to one, two and so on, you see that the sequence starts off a negative one one and so on. So the sequence is really equal to negative wants to the end. So that means that my end, it's beyond to the end with negative once in the end. So here and the root tests, we'd like to look at the end through. So let me write this. You take your A m absolute value of that and then raise that to the one over an hour and I take the limit as n goes to infinity. This is the route test. Now we're taking up slew value, So that means we could drop the negative one. And when we raise B end to the end to the one over end, recall that you take those two exponents, multiply them together. In this case, that's just one. And here we don't need absolute value for being because we're already told that they're positive. So now my limit becomes I have just being on the top and now on the bottom here we'LL just have and one over. And so now it suffices to consider this last limit. You might have maybe memorized the formula involving this, but here I can show some work. So the problem with the limit in the denominator is that it's an indeterminate form of the type infinity to the zero power. So a nice way to deal with these is to do the following trick. So I'll use the fact that any number X could always be written as e to the natural log of X. So here I'LL do this formula using this is my ex value. So have e natural log of my ex and then here use your log properties to bring the one over end outside of the log and then now the limit is in the exponents. This is infinity over infinity. So you would go ahead and use Lopez House rule here so the derivative of natural log is one over end in the derivative of end is just one. So now this limit is just e to the zero, which equals one. So that means that the denominator approaches one so that this limit over here, where we stopped earlier, this limit is now just limited bm which is a half over this limit, which we just computed, which was one giving us an answer. What half? Now that's less than one. So by the root test, the Siri's is absolutely conversion. Yeah.
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