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# Let $I_n = \displaystyle \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin^n x dx$.(a) Show that $I_{2n + 2} \le I_{2n + 1} \le I_{2n}$.(b) Use Exercise 50 to show that$$\frac{I_{2n + 2}}{I_{2n}} = \frac{2n + 1}{2n + 2}$$(c) Use parts (a) and (b) to show that$$\frac{2n + 1}{2n + 2} \le \frac{I_{2n + 1}}{I_{2n}} \le 1$$and deduce that $\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{I_{2n + 1}}{I_{2n}} = 1$.(d) Use part (c) and Exercises 49 and 50 to show that$$\lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{2}{1} \cdot \frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{4}{3} \cdot \frac{4}{5} \cdot \frac{6}{5} \cdot \frac{6}{7} \cdots \cdots \frac{2n}{2n - 1} \cdot \frac{2n}{2n + 1} = \frac{\pi}{2}$$This formula is usually written as an infinite product:$$\frac{\pi}{2} = \frac{2}{1} \cdot \frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{4}{3} \cdot \frac{4}{5} \cdot \frac{6}{5} \cdot \frac{6}{7} \cdots$$and is called the Wallis product.(e) We construct rectangles as follows. Start with a square of area 1 and attach rectangles of area 1 alternately beside or on top of the previous rectangle (see the figure). Find the limit of the ratios of width to height of these rectangles.

## a) $\int_{0}^{\pi / 2} \sin ^{2 n+2} x d x \leq \int_{0}^{\pi / 2} \sin ^{2 n+1} x d x \leq \int_{0}^{\pi / 2} \sin ^{2 n} x d x$So $, I_{2 n+2} \leq I_{2 n+1} \leq I_{2 n}$b) Figure out the expression for $I_{2 n+2} .$ The part of $I_{2 n+2}$ that is the same as$I_{2 n}$ cancels out easily.c) 1d) $\lim _{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac{1}{(2 n+1)}\left(\frac{2^{n}(n !)}{(2 n) !}\right)^{2}\left(2^{n}(n !)\right)^{2}=1$$\lim _{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac{1}{(2 n+1)}\left(\frac{2^{n}(n !)}{(2 n) !}\right)^{2}\left(2^{n}(n !)\right)^{2}=\frac{\pi}{2}$e) $\frac{\pi}{2}$

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