Limestone, coral, and seashells are composed primarily of...

Limestone, coral, and seashells are composed primarily of calcium carbonate. The test for the identi“cation of a carbonate is to use a few drops of hydrochloric acid. The unbalanced equation is CaCO3 HCl 888n CaCl2 CO2 H 2O (a) Balance the equation. (b) How many atoms are in 0.120 moles of calcium carbonate? (c) What number of carbon dioxide molecules is released on the reaction of 0.150 moles of calcium carbonate?

Limestone, coral, and seashells are composed primarily
of calcium carbonate. The test for the identi“cation of
a carbonate is to use a few drops of hydrochloric acid. The
unbalanced equation is
CaCO3 HCl 888n CaCl2 CO2 H 2O
(a) Balance the equation.
(b) How many atoms are in 0.120 moles of calcium carbonate?
(c) What number of carbon dioxide molecules is released on
the reaction of 0.150 moles of calcium carbonate?

Key Concepts

Chemical Equation Balancing

This concept involves ensuring that in any chemical reaction, the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation. The balancing process adheres to the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, allowing for the determination of the correct stoichiometric coefficients needed for proper conversion between reactants and products.

Mole Concept

The mole is a fundamental unit in chemistry used to count particles such as atoms, molecules, or ions. It provides a bridge between the microscale world of atoms and the macroscale quantities used in laboratory measurements by relating mass to the number of entities, which is essential in performing quantitative chemical calculations.

Avogadro's Number

Avogadro's number, approximately 6.022 x 10^23, is the number of atoms, molecules, or particles in one mole of a substance. This constant is crucial for converting between the number of moles and the actual number of particles, enabling chemists to perform precise stoichiometric and quantitative analyses.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry involves the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. Using a balanced chemical equation, stoichiometry enables the calculation of the amounts of substances consumed and produced, based on the mole ratios of the compounds involved, and is fundamental for both theoretical calculations and practical laboratory applications.

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