Liquid water enters an adiabatic piping system at 15^∘ C at a rate of 3 kg / s. It is observed

step 1 We're told that liquid water enters an 80 -bed piping system at 15 degrees C at a rate of 3 kilo

Liquid water enters an adiabatic piping system at 15^∘ C at...

Liquid water enters an adiabatic piping system at $15^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ at a rate of $3 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{s}$. It is observed that the water temperature rises by $0.3^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ in the pipe due to friction. If the environment temperature is also $15^{\circ} \mathrm{C},$ the rate of exergy destruction in the pipe is (a) $3.8 \mathrm{~kW}$ (b) $24 \mathrm{~kW}$ (c) $72 \mathrm{~kW}$ (d) $98 \mathrm{~kW}$ (e) 124 kW

Liquid water enters an adiabatic piping system at $15^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ at a rate of $3 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{s}$. It is observed that the water temperature rises by $0.3^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ in the pipe due to friction. If the environment temperature is also $15^{\circ} \mathrm{C},$ the rate of exergy destruction in the pipe is
(a) $3.8 \mathrm{~kW}$
(b) $24 \mathrm{~kW}$
(c) $72 \mathrm{~kW}$
(d) $98 \mathrm{~kW}$
(e) 124 kW

Key Concepts

Exergy Destruction

Exergy destruction represents the loss of a system's potential to do work due to irreversibilities. It quantifies the degradation of energy quality and is calculated by multiplying the ambient (reference) temperature by the entropy generated during the process.

Adiabatic Process

An adiabatic process is one in which no heat is transferred between the system and its surroundings. Consequently, any temperature changes within the system arise solely from work interactions or internal irreversibilities, such as friction.

Friction in Fluid Flow

Friction in fluid flow occurs when a fluid moves along a surface, causing viscous effects that convert mechanical energy into thermal energy. This conversion increases the fluid’s internal energy and temperature, contributing to energy losses and exergy destruction.

Entropy Generation

Entropy generation measures the irreversibility of a process, reflecting the disorder created by non-ideal effects like friction. It is a fundamental concept in the second law analysis and directly relates to the calculation of exergy destruction.

Reference Environment

The reference environment is a hypothetical state used as a baseline in exergy analysis. It defines the equilibrium conditions (temperature and pressure) with which the system is compared to evaluate the useful work potential and losses due to irreversible processes.

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