List the number of valence electrons for each family, and...

List the number of valence electrons for each family, and explain the relationship between the number of valence electrons and the resulting chemistry of the elements in the family. \begin{equation} \begin{array}{ll}{\text { a. alkali metals }} & {\text { b. alkaline earth metals }} \\ {\text { c. halogens }} & {\text { d. oxygen family }}\end{array} \end{equation}

List the number of valence electrons for each family, and explain the relationship between the number of valence electrons and the resulting chemistry of the elements in the family.
\begin{equation}
\begin{array}{ll}{\text { a. alkali metals }} & {\text { b. alkaline earth metals }} \\ {\text { c. halogens }} & {\text { d. oxygen family }}\end{array}
\end{equation}

Key Concepts

Periodic Table Grouping

The periodic table is arranged into groups or families, where each group contains elements with similar electron configurations in their valence shell. This grouping is significant because elements within the same family tend to exhibit similar chemical and physical properties. Their shared valence electron count leads to recurring patterns in reactivity and bonding characteristics across the group.

Relationship between Valence Electrons and Chemical Properties

The chemical properties of an element are deeply influenced by its number of valence electrons. For instance, elements with very few valence electrons readily lose them to form positive ions, illustrating high reactivity, while elements with nearly complete valence shells are more inclined to gain electrons to achieve stability. This correlation explains why different families of elements, which are defined by their valence electron count, exhibit distinctive and predictable chemical behaviors.

Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are the electrons located in the outermost shell of an atom. They play a critical role in chemical bonding and reactions, as these are the electrons that tend to be involved in interactions with other atoms. The number of valence electrons largely determines an element’s chemical behavior, reactivity, and the types of bonds it is likely to form.

Transcript

00:01 So this video will cover valence electrons and how to determine how many valence electrons an atom has based off of where it is on the periodic table.

00:09 So the easiest way to do this is to just look at the group number of the atom, right? so this strategy works only if you ignore the d block elements and the f block elements.

00:21 So we basically just pretend that these elements don't exist.

00:25 And that's the only time this trick works.

00:28 So if it's in this first group right here, it has one valance electron.

00:33 If it's in this group, it has two valance electrons.

00:36 So one, two.

00:38 If it's in this area, it has three valence electrons.

00:41 And again, this is why i said ignore all the d and f block elements.

00:45 Here it has four valance electrons.

00:48 Here it's five.

00:51 Here it's six.

00:53 Here it's seven.

00:55 And here it's eight.

00:57 So this is a very simple trick to tell you how many valance of electrons in atoms.

01:00 Has.

01:01 If it's in any of these columns, you can just tell i'm notically how many balanced electrons.

01:05 So how many valence electrons do alkaline metals have? when you remember, alkali metals are this row right here.

01:12 It covers hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, so on, so forth.

01:16 All these elements right here.

01:18 Therefore, you know, it has one balanced electron, right? so it goes to follow that since it only has one balance electron, it wants to lose that electron to achieve a stable octet.

01:27 Therefore, it has a very low first -dionization energy...

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