List the proteins that unwind DNA during in vivo DNA synthesis. How do they function?

Name: Problem 15, Chapter 10: Essentials of Genetics
Uploaded: 2022-04-10T22:59:05-08:00
Duration: 3 min 3 s
Channel: Rachel Griffin
Description: List the proteins that unwind DNA during in vivo DNA synthesis. How do they function?

step 1 Down below, I have DNA that has begun the replication process. So in talking about unwinding the

List the proteins that unwind DNA during in vivo DNA...

Key Concepts

DNA Helicase

DNA helicases are enzymes central to DNA replication that separate double-stranded DNA into two single strands. They achieve this by binding to DNA and utilizing the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to break the hydrogen bonds between base pairs, thereby creating single-stranded templates needed for replication.

ATP Hydrolysis Mechanism

ATP hydrolysis is the biochemical process through which helicases obtain the energy required for unwinding DNA. By converting the energy released from ATP breakdown into mechanical force, helicases can translocate along the DNA molecule and disrupt the hydrogen bonds, allowing for the progressive unwinding of the double helix during in vivo DNA synthesis.

Transcript

00:01 Down below, i have dna that has begun the replication process.

00:07 So in talking about unwinding the dna, which is obviously the first step in dna replication, we have two important enzymes to talk about, and then some additional proteins.

00:19 While they are all proteins, obviously we know in dna replication and synthesis, a lot of enzymes come into play, all with their own specific roles.

00:28 So first highlighted here in blue, we have helicase.

00:34 And this is the main enzyme responsible for unzipping the dna, opening it up, which obviously is essential in allowing it to replicate because we need the dna to be pulled apart.

00:53 We need those hydrogen bombs broken so we can access our dna.

00:58 That is going to serve as our template strand.

01:01 So helicase is the main enzyme responsible for that.

01:04 And i have it highlighted here as an arrow just to represent that helicase is obviously going, and it is unzipping the dna.

01:14 As this is occurring, we have up here highlighted in red something called single -stranded binding proteins.

01:23 And these are proteins that essentially, i'm just going to bring.

01:28 Abbreviated up here.

01:30 These are proteins that essentially hold open the dna.

01:33 They prevent it from forming other structures or closing back in on itself.

01:38 So these hold the dna open allowing the dna time before it replicates because obviously before replication can occur...

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