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List the various possible errors in plane table surveying.

    List the various possible errors in plane table surveying.

Basic Civil Engineering

Basic Civil Engineering

S S Bhavikatti 1st Edition

Chapter 14, Problem 9

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These can be broadly categorized into systematic errors and random errors. Show more…

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List the various possible errors in plane table surveying.

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Key Concepts

Levelling Errors

These errors occur when the plane table is not properly levelled during setup. A misleveled table affects the accuracy of both angular observations and distance measurements, making it a fundamental source of error in plane table surveying.

Alignment Errors

These errors arise when the instrument, such as the alidade, is not correctly aligned with the intended survey line or reference direction. Improper alignment may lead to systematic angular deviations, causing inaccuracies in the plotted map.

Observation (Sighting) Errors

These include mistakes made during the sighting process, such as misreading the alidade or parallax errors, where the observer's eye position shifts relative to the scale. Such human-induced errors can significantly distort measured angles and positions.

Plotting (Transfer) Errors

These errors occur during the process of transferring the observed data onto the drawing surface. Small mistakes in carefully drawing and positioning points can lead to cumulative discrepancies in the final survey results.

Instrumental Errors

These errors originate from imperfections or calibration issues with the surveying instruments themselves, such as inaccuracies in the alidade or deterioration of the plane table board. These systematic errors affect the measurements regardless of the surveyor’s skill.

Environmental and Operational Errors

External factors like wind, uneven ground, and unstable footing, as well as operational mistakes during the survey, can introduce additional errors. These variable conditions often lead to unpredictable deviations in both the observation and plotting stages.

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