List three kinds of crystalline solids, and give an example...

Key Concepts

Crystalline Solids

Crystalline solids are materials in which atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a highly ordered and repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. The structure of these solids is characterized by their distinct crystal lattice, which leads to sharp melting points, well-defined cleavage planes, and anisotropic properties. Understanding the arrangement and bonding in crystalline solids is central to fields such as materials science, physics, and chemistry.

Ionic Crystalline Solids

Ionic crystalline solids consist of positively and negatively charged ions held together by strong electrostatic forces. This type of bonding leads to high melting and boiling points, as well as brittle behavior due to the rigid arrangement of ions. A classic example of an ionic crystal is sodium chloride (NaCl), where the ions are arranged in a face-centered cubic lattice.

Metallic Crystalline Solids

Metallic crystalline solids are composed of metal atoms arranged in a lattice, where the atoms collectively share a 'sea' of delocalized electrons. This bonding results in properties such as conductivity, malleability, and ductility, which are characteristic of metals. Examples include elemental metals like copper and aluminum, where the free electrons allow them to conduct electricity and heat efficiently.

Covalent Network Crystalline Solids

Covalent network crystalline solids are formed when atoms are bonded together by strong covalent bonds in a continuous network. This extended bonding structure gives these materials very high melting points, hardness, and chemical resistance. Diamond, an allotrope of carbon, is a well-known example, where each carbon atom is tetrahedrally bonded to four other carbon atoms in a three-dimensional network.

Transcript

00:01 Explanation for the design question list three kinds of crystalline solids and cue an example of each so first we will discuss state what is crystalline crystalline solids those solids which have a regular regular arrangement of atoms atoms i call crystalline solids we have examples of crystalline solids are types of types of crystalline solids.

00:57 First one is ionic solid, ionic crystalline solid.

01:05 Example is nsel.

01:10 So solid consisting of ions, bond together by their electrostatic attraction.

01:17 So that is ionic crystalline solid.

01:19 And here, ions are, are born together, born together by their electrostatic force of attraction electrostatic force of attraction unlike we have here sodium having positive charge and it is surrounded by eight eight chlorine eight chlorine atoms in its structure one two three four five six 7 and 8 so it means its coordination number is 8 so this is called electricity force of attraction and there is a non -directional force of attraction so from any direction it can attract the chlorine atom towards itself this is called electricity force of attraction between positive and negative charge and next one is next type is a metallic crystalline solid metallic crystalline solid example is sodium so here only sodium ions here c of electrons will present in this structure of metallic solid having positive charge and this is called metallic solid and the there is a pure metal containing pure metal and atoms held together by metallic bound so we can say here in metallic crystalline solid atoms held together by metallic bonds metallic bonds and next type is next type third type is covalent network crystalline solid covalent network crystalline solid crystalline solid it example is diamond diamond is the electrop of carbon the same form of a different form of same element.

04:31 This is the electrop of carbon.

04:33 Its composition is purely carbon.

04:36 It is made up of only carbon atoms...

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