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Malic acid, a dicarboxylic acid found in apples, has the systematic name hydroxybutanedioic acid. Draw its structure.
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Malic acid, $\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}_{5},$ has been isolated from apples. Because this compound reacts with 2 molar equivalents of base, it is a dicarboxylic acid. (a) Draw at least five possible structures. (b) If malic acid is a secondary alcohol, what is its structure?
Malic acid is a common organic acid found in unripe apples and other fruit. With the help of the molecular model shown below, represent bonding in the malic acid molecule, using the method of Figure 11-19 to indicate hybridization schemes and orbital overlaps.
Fumaric acid is a metabolic intermediate that has the systematic name trans-2-butenedioic acid. Draw its structure.
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