Many elements have been synthesized by bombarding relatively...

Many elements have been synthesized by bombarding relatively heavy atoms with high-energy particles in particle accelerators. Complete the following nuclear equations, which have been used to synthesize elements. a. $+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He} \rightarrow{ }_{97}^{243} \mathrm{Bk}+{ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n}$ b. ${ }_{92}^{238} \mathrm{U}+{ }_{6}^{12} \mathrm{C} \rightarrow \longrightarrow$ c. ${ }^{249} \mathrm{Cf}+\longrightarrow \quad \rightarrow{ }_{105}^{260} \mathrm{Db}+4{ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n}$ d. ${ }_{98}^{249} \mathrm{Cf}+{ }_{5}^{10} \mathrm{~B} \rightarrow{ }_{103}^{257} \mathrm{Lr}+$

Many elements have been synthesized by bombarding relatively heavy atoms with high-energy particles in particle accelerators. Complete the following nuclear equations, which have been used to synthesize elements.
a. $+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He} \rightarrow{ }_{97}^{243} \mathrm{Bk}+{ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n}$
b. ${ }_{92}^{238} \mathrm{U}+{ }_{6}^{12} \mathrm{C} \rightarrow \longrightarrow$
c. ${ }^{249} \mathrm{Cf}+\longrightarrow \quad \rightarrow{ }_{105}^{260} \mathrm{Db}+4{ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n}$
d. ${ }_{98}^{249} \mathrm{Cf}+{ }_{5}^{10} \mathrm{~B} \rightarrow{ }_{103}^{257} \mathrm{Lr}+$

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Key Concepts

Synthesis of Superheavy Elements

The creation of superheavy elements involves fusing heavy target nuclei with lighter projectiles to form a new nucleus, often accompanied by the emission of neutrons. This method is important in research to expand the periodic table and explore the properties of elements beyond those naturally occurring.

Nuclear Bombardment

Nuclear bombardment refers to the process of colliding energetic particles, such as ions, with target nuclei. This is a fundamental technique in nuclear synthesis, where high-energy particles are used to overcome electrostatic repulsion and induce reactions that form new, often heavier, elements.

Conservation Laws in Nuclear Reactions

This concept involves the principles that both mass number and atomic (proton) number are conserved during nuclear reactions. Completing nuclear equations requires ensuring that the sum of protons and nucleons in the reactants is equal to that in the products, which is critical when synthesizing new elements.

Transcript

00:01 So let's go over how we would do this.

00:02 So if you refer to the textbook, if you look on page 902, we will find the equations that we are looking for.

00:14 So let's go over what they are.

00:17 So for the first one, this one we can just solve based off what is given in the question.

00:25 We just need the numbers on top to add up to the numbers on top on the left, and we need the numbers on the bottom to add up to the numbers on the bottom.

00:34 The sums need to be equal on both sides.

00:36 So we can see, let's check if the sums are equal.

00:38 So we have 244, and then for the bottom, we have 97.

00:45 So based off of this, we know that this is correct.

00:49 And this is ameriom, because it has atomic number 95.

00:54 And if we refer to the periodic cable, that corresponds to ameriom, so we're going to write am.

01:00 For v, we can find that in the text.

01:04 So what this is, is this is positive i.

01:06 Bombardment.

01:07 What happens is the uranium is being bombarded by the carbon and what happens is it results in neutron emission.

01:21 So we need to make sure that the numbers add up.

01:25 So we have 247 or 250 because we have four neutrons...