Match the definition or description in the left column with the appropriate term in the right co

Match the definition or description in the left column with...

Key Concepts

Oliguria

A condition characterized by abnormally low urine output, which can signal dehydration, kidney impairment, or other underlying medical issues.

Phlegm

A thick, viscous mucus produced by the respiratory system, often increased during infections or inflammations, serving as a protective barrier or a symptom in respiratory illnesses.

Emesis

The act of vomiting, involving the expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth, which serves as a response mechanism in various gastrointestinal or systemic conditions.

Dysphoria

A state of unease or generalized dissatisfaction that can accompany various psychological disorders and is characterized by feelings of restlessness, anxiety, or depression.

Anuria

A medical condition where there is an absence of urine production, indicating a severe decrease or complete cessation of kidney function or blockage in the urinary tract.

Analgesic

A type of medication designed to relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness, commonly used in clinical practice to manage various forms of acute or chronic pain.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

A peptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland, ADH is crucial in regulating the body's water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys, thereby reducing urine production.

Transcript

00:01 Okay, so you're probably wondering what all these items are here to the left.

00:06 And so what i'm going to do is just talk a little bit about each of these structures or molecules.

00:12 So to give you understanding what it is.

00:14 So the adrenals, well, the adrenal modula is basically a part of the adrenal.

00:19 So if you go ahead and draw yourself something like a kidney here, and then the adrenals are like a little hat that sits on top of the kidney.

00:30 And so this is the adrenal gland.

00:33 However, the adrenals itself is divided into two parts.

00:38 And so this is what's important.

00:40 So you'll have this type of structure here, and then you'll have an inner structure.

00:46 So this part out here is the cortex.

00:49 This has some zones in there, like the granulosa, fasciculata, reticularis, are the structures here.

00:58 But in the medulla in the center here, it's really important because when you think about the autonomics, especially the sympathetic nervous system, you have a pre and post -synaptic portion.

01:11 And the adrenal medulla is the post -synaptic portion of one of the sympathetic nervous system parts.

01:21 This is the only place in the human body where we could get epinephrine.

01:25 I'll just put epi for short.

01:27 So epinephrine is the only place.

01:29 Place where this is made and secreted by the human bodies inside the adrenal medulla.

01:34 And so that's the importance of the adrenal medulla as far as what it secretes and why, where it's located and what's its purpose.

01:44 So the next one you want to look at here is the thyroid gland.

01:48 And the thyroid gland is responsible for maintaining our body's metabolism through the use of making t3 and t4.

01:59 So t3 is the active form of thyroid hormone.

02:03 It's what acts on the body to maintain our metabolism.

02:07 And t4 is converted to t3.

02:11 So this is like more the inactive form.

02:13 This is the active form.

02:15 But in order to make these molecules, you need iodine in your diet.

02:19 Without iodine, you cannot make t3 or t4 because you need iodine in the thyroid gland in order to make these two.

02:29 Hormones.

02:31 So that brings us over to the posterior pituitary.

02:35 Then the posterior pituitary is important because it stores two hormones called oxytocin, so we'll say oxy for short.

02:47 And then that was anti -diaridic hormone adhd.

02:51 Now both these hormones are actually made in the hypothalamus, but are transported down using a carrier protein into the posterior pituitary and that's where they're stored.

03:03 They're stored in the posterior pituitary until the posterior pituitary is stimulated and then these are released into the body depending on which one is needed.

03:15 So the next structure i should talk about here is the islet cells of the pancreas.

03:22 So they're very, it's a very small portion of the pancreas.

03:26 The majority of the pancreas has an exocrine function, but its endocrine function is very small, but it's very strong.

03:34 So the isn't cells will give you two types of cells.

03:36 So technically you're going to have an alpha cell and a beta cell...

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