Match the items to the correct answers in the key. Each...

Match the items to the correct answers in the key. Each answer may include more than one item.
a. diffusion
b. facilitated diffusion
c. osmosis
d. active transport
Movement of water across a membrane.

Key Concepts

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is achieved. It is a fundamental physical process that does not require energy and occurs as a result of the random motion of particles, playing a central role in processes such as gas exchange and the distribution of small molecules within cells.

Facilitated Diffusion

Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport that involves the movement of specific molecules or ions across a cell membrane via protein channels or carriers. This process allows larger or polar molecules, which cannot easily diffuse through the lipid bilayer, to move down their concentration gradient without the expenditure of cellular energy.

Osmosis

Osmosis is the passive transport process in which water molecules move across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. This movement aims to equalize solute concentrations on both sides of the membrane and is critical for maintaining cell volume and overall cellular function.

Active Transport

Active transport is the process of moving substances across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration. This process requires energy, usually in the form of ATP, and involves specific transport proteins that help maintain essential cellular conditions, such as nutrient uptake and ion balance.

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