G1 phase is (a) End of mitosis and the start of S-phasc (b)...

$\mathrm{G}_{1}$ phase is
(a) End of mitosis and the start of S-phasc
(b) End of S-phase and the start of mitosis
(c) Start of S-phase and the start of mitosis
(d) End of S-phase and the end of mitosis

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Key Concepts

G1 Phase

The G1 phase, or the first gap phase, follows mitosis and precedes DNA synthesis (S-phase). During this phase, cells grow in size, produce RNA, and synthesize proteins necessary for DNA replication. It acts as a critical checkpoint where the cell assesses its environment and internal signals before committing to cell division.

Cell Cycle

The cell cycle is the series of phases through which a cell passes to divide and replicate. It includes interphase—comprising G1, S, and G2 phases—when the cell prepares for division, and the mitotic (M) phase, when cell division actually occurs. This cyclical process is essential for growth, maintenance, and reproduction in multicellular organisms.

Mitosis

Mitosis is the process of nuclear division in which a single cell divides its duplicated genome into two identical sets, leading to the formation of two daughter cells. It is a key phase in the cell cycle that ensures genetic material is accurately distributed, and it signals the transition into the subsequent G1 phase of the new cycle.

S-Phase

The S-phase, or synthesis phase, is the part of the cell cycle where DNA replication occurs. During this stage, each chromosome is duplicated, ensuring that both future daughter cells receive an exact copy of the genome. This phase is tightly regulated and essential for accurate cell division.

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