Name each of the following binary compounds, using the...

Name each of the following binary compounds, using the periodic table to determine whether the compound is likely to be ionic (containing a metal and a nonmetal) or nonionic (containing only nonmetals). a. $\mathrm{Fe}_{3} \mathrm{P}_{2} \quad$ d. $\mathrm{PbCl}_{4}$ b. $\mathrm{CaBr}_{2} \quad$ e. $\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{F}_{10}$ c. $\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5} \qquad$ f. $\mathrm{Cu}_{2} \mathrm{O}$

Name each of the following binary compounds, using the periodic table to determine whether the compound is likely to be ionic (containing a metal and a nonmetal) or nonionic (containing only nonmetals).
a. $\mathrm{Fe}_{3} \mathrm{P}_{2} \quad$ d. $\mathrm{PbCl}_{4}$
b. $\mathrm{CaBr}_{2} \quad$ e. $\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{F}_{10}$
c. $\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5} \qquad$ f. $\mathrm{Cu}_{2} \mathrm{O}$

Key Concepts

Ionic Compounds

Ionic compounds are formed by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal, resulting in the formation of oppositely charged ions that attract one another. The periodic table helps predict ionic compounds because metals, typically found on the left side, lose electrons and nonmetals, found on the right side, gain electrons. This concept explains the bond type and influences the naming process for these compounds.

Covalent (Nonionic) Compounds

Covalent compounds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, typically when only nonmetals are present. These compounds are usually described as nonionic because they do not form ions in the same way ionic compounds do. The electronegativity difference between the atoms involved helps determine whether the compound is covalent, and such compounds are commonly named using different conventions, such as Greek prefixes to indicate the number of atoms.

Naming Conventions for Binary Compounds

Naming binary compounds involves certain systematic rules depending on whether the compound is ionic or covalent. For ionic compounds, the name of the metal (the cation) is stated first followed by the name of the nonmetal (the anion) with an appropriate suffix, often indicating its ionic form. In contrast, binary covalent compounds typically use Greek prefixes to denote the number of atoms of each element present in the molecule, along with modified element names for the nonmetal.

Periodic Table Trends and Electronegativity

The periodic table is a fundamental tool in predicting compound types. Trends such as electronegativity and the typical charges on elements are used to determine whether a compound is more likely to be ionic or covalent. Metals generally have lower electronegativity and form positive ions, whereas nonmetals usually have higher electronegativity and form negative ions, guiding the interpretation of bonding and the subsequent naming of binary compounds.

Transcript

00:01 Let's go over some binary compounds and determine what kind of bonds they form.

00:07 We know that the differences in electronegativities between the two elements of a binary compound will tell us whether the bond is pure covalent, polar covalent, or ionic.

00:23 The bond will be pure covalent if the differences in electronegativities are less than 0 .4.

00:32 The bond will be polar covalent if the differences in electron negativities are between 0 .4 and 1 .8.

00:49 And we know that if the differences in electron negatives are greater than 1 .8 between the two elements of a binary compound, the bond they share will most likely be ionic.

01:06 So let's do some examples.

01:09 First binary compound we'll explore is f .e .3 .3.

01:18 3p2.

01:23 Well, the iron species has an electronegativity of 2 .1, or excuse me, the phosphorus species has an electronegativity of 2 .1, and iron has an electrotativity of 1 .8, giving us a difference in electron negativity of 0 .3, and that will be less than 0 .4.

01:48 Therefore, it will be pure covalent.

01:50 The next binary molecule we'll look at is calcium bromide, c -a -b -r -2.

02:06 Bromene has an electronegativity of 2 .8, and calcium has an electronegativity of 1, giving us a difference in electronegativity of 1 .8.

02:24 That difference in electronegativity tells us that the bonds between calcium and bromide are ionic, and in fact the calcium will donate its electron density to bromine as opposed to sharing it equally or sharing it unequally in the cases of pure covalent and polar covalent bonds respectively...

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