Name the following cycloalkanes: (FIGURE CAN'T COPY) |...

Name: Problem 22, Chapter 4: Organic Chemistry
Uploaded: 2020-05-03T21:26:59-08:00
Duration: 6 min 3 s
Channel: Bobby Barnes
Description: Name the following cycloalkanes: (FIGURE CAN'T COPY)

Key Concepts

Cycloalkane Structures

Cycloalkanes are organic compounds that consist solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms arranged in a closed ring. Their unique ring structure differentiates them from their acyclic counterparts and influences both their chemical behavior and naming conventions.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature provides a systematic method for naming organic compounds, including cycloalkanes. This ensures that every compound has a unique, standardized name based on its structure, facilitating clear communication in the scientific community.

Numbering Rules

Proper numbering of carbon atoms in cycloalkanes is essential for unambiguous naming, particularly when more than one substituent is present. The numbering is generally chosen to give substituents the lowest possible locants according to IUPAC rules.

Substituent Identification

In naming cycloalkanes, identifying and naming the substituents attached to the ring is crucial. This process involves noting the type and position of each substituent, which are then used to construct the complete name of the compound.

Transcript

00:01 We want to name the following cyclo -out canes that they give us.

00:04 So first, let's go ahead and turn this into the bond line, because i think that's a little bit easier to comprehend than looking at this here.

00:13 So we can start here, and i'm just going to put little circles for each of the carbon, so when i actually pull this off, it'll be a little bit easier for me to see where each of our carbons are.

00:28 So let's go ahead and pull this off now.

00:32 Now, one thing that we can also do to this, that our outline doesn't really show, is that these two substituent groups on this ring, well, they're going to be cister trans to each other.

00:47 So if we were to be standing above here, so if we were to be kind of floating above like this, notice that both of these groups here are going to be facing towards us.

01:03 So both of these are going to be on wedges like this.

01:11 So since they're both facing towards us, this is going to be cis something.

01:17 So let's just make sure that our ring should be our group that we start with, though, for our parent.

01:24 So if we were to use this methyl over here, we're going to have one substituent, so it doesn't seem good.

01:28 If we were to start with this ethyl as our parent, we only have one substituent again, so still not good.

01:36 But if we use the ring, we're going to have this methyl and this ethyl.

01:39 So that seems a little bit better.

01:42 So this ring will end up being what we start with.

01:47 And so we already said we have an ethyl and a methyl, so let's just go ahead and write that down.

01:52 So methyl and an ethyl.

01:57 Now we need to decide, well, which of these is going to have higher priority? well, since there's only two groups, and they're both alchols, but alkyls have the same priority, so we can't use the difference in what kind of group they are.

02:11 But we can go ahead and use alphabetical order since there's only two of these to decide.

02:18 So ethel comes before methyl, so that means we're going to have one ethyl, so one.

02:24 And then we need side, do we want to go clockwise or counterclockwise? so we'd end up wanting to go counterclockwise, because if we were two, to just double check really quickly, going clockwise.

02:36 Notice that our methyl here is going to be at position four versus position three.

02:41 And because of that, we'd want to ensure our lowest overall numbering.

02:46 So that's why we're going to use the red numbering.

02:48 So this is going to be three methyl...

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