Name the metal M which is extracted on the basis of...

Name the metal $\mathrm{M}$ which is extracted on the basis of following reactions: $4 \mathrm{M}+8 \mathrm{CN}^{-}+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}+\mathrm{O}_{2} \longrightarrow 4[\mathrm{M}(\mathrm{CN})]^{-1}+4 \mathrm{OH}^{-}$ $2\left[\mathrm{M}(\mathrm{CN})_{2}\right]^{-1}+\mathrm{Zn} \longrightarrow\left[\mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{CN})_{4}\right]^{2^{-}}+2 \mathrm{M}$ (a) $\mathrm{Ag}$ (b) $\mathrm{Cu}$ (c) $\mathrm{Hg}$ (d) $\mathrm{Ni}$

Name the metal $\mathrm{M}$ which is extracted on the basis of following reactions:
$4 \mathrm{M}+8 \mathrm{CN}^{-}+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}+\mathrm{O}_{2} \longrightarrow 4[\mathrm{M}(\mathrm{CN})]^{-1}+4 \mathrm{OH}^{-}$
$2\left[\mathrm{M}(\mathrm{CN})_{2}\right]^{-1}+\mathrm{Zn} \longrightarrow\left[\mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{CN})_{4}\right]^{2^{-}}+2 \mathrm{M}$
(a) $\mathrm{Ag}$
(b) $\mathrm{Cu}$
(c) $\mathrm{Hg}$
(d) $\mathrm{Ni}$

Key Concepts

Cyanidation Process

This process involves the use of cyanide ions to form soluble complexes with metals, thereby dissolving them from their ores. It is widely applied in mineral processing and extractive metallurgy, allowing the separation and purification of valuable metals by converting them into complex ions that are easier to handle and process.

Complex Ion Formation

At the heart of many extraction processes is the formation of complex ions. Metals, when coordinated with ligands such as cyanide ions, form stable complexes that can alter their solubility and reactivity. This concept is central to coordination chemistry, where the geometry, stability, and electronic properties of complexes dictate the outcome of chemical reactions.

Displacement Reaction

Displacement reactions involve a more reactive species replacing a less reactive one from a complex or compound. In metallurgical processes, reagents such as zinc can be used to displace a metal from its complex ion, leading to its precipitation in the elemental form. This concept is closely tied to the relative reactivities and positions of metals in the electrochemical series.

Redox Reaction Mechanisms

Redox reactions, which involve the transfer of electrons between species, are fundamental in extracting and refining metals. In many processes, an oxidation step transforms a metal into a complex ion, and a subsequent reduction step (often mediated by a reactive metal) restores the metal to its elemental form. Understanding these electron transfer processes is essential in explaining how and why these extraction reactions occur.

Extractive Metallurgy

This field focuses on the methods for extracting metals from their ores and refining them. It encompasses various chemical and physical processes, including complexation, redox reactions, and displacement reactions. The integration of these techniques allows for the efficient separation and recovery of metals, which is critical for industrial applications.

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