Of the three compounds given in Problem 14-66, one is...

Of the three compounds given in Problem $14-66,$ one is insoluble in water, another has a solubility of $2.3 \mathrm{g} / 100 \mathrm{g}$ water, and one is infinitely soluble in water. Which compound has which solubility?

Key Concepts

Ionic and Covalent Character

The type of chemical bonds within a substance—ionic versus covalent—affects its solubility in water. Ionic compounds often dissolve well in water due to the formation of strong ion-dipole interactions, whereas non-polar covalent compounds tend to be insoluble because they cannot form such interactions with water.

Intermolecular Forces

The nature and strength of intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole interactions, and van der Waals forces, are critical in determining solubility. Strong favorable interactions between solute and water molecules enhance solubility, while weak or unfavorable interactions can lead to limited or no solubility.

Solubility

Solubility is a measure of how much of a substance (solute) can be dissolved in a solvent, such as water, at a given temperature. It is influenced by interactions between the solute and solvent molecules, and it plays a key role in understanding reaction mechanisms, formulation chemistry, and separation techniques.

Water as a Polar Solvent

Water is a highly polar solvent, which means it has regions of partial positive and negative charge. This polarity allows water to interact strongly with other polar or ionic substances through ion-dipole and hydrogen bonding interactions, resulting in higher solubility for these compounds compared to non-polar substances.

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