On a typical day, medical personnel may encounter several situations involving measurement. State the name and type of measurement indicated by the units in each of the following:
a. The clotting time for a blood sample is $12 \mathrm{~s}$.
b. A premature baby weighs $2.0 \mathrm{~kg}$.
c. An antacid tablet contains $1.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of calcium carbonate.
d. An infant has a temperature $39.2^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$.