One molecule of water (H2 O) contains two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. A hydrogen a

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One molecule of water (H2 O) contains two atoms of hydrogen...

One molecule of water $\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)$ contains two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. A hydrogen atom has a mass of $1.0 \mathrm{u}$ and an atom of oxygen has a mass of $16 \mathrm{u}$. ( $a$ ) What is the mass in kilograms of one molecule of water? $(b)$ How many molecules of water are in the oceans of the world? The oceans have a total mass of $1.4 \times 10^{21} \mathrm{~kg}$.

Key Concepts

Atomic Mass Unit Conversion

This concept refers to the process of converting atomic mass units (u) into kilograms. The atomic mass unit is a standard unit of mass that quantifies the mass of atoms and molecules, and it is defined such that 1 u is approximately equal to 1.66053906660 × 10^-27 kilograms. This conversion is essential in chemistry and physics when transitioning from atomic-scale measurements to macroscopic scales expressed in SI units.

Molecular Mass Calculation

Molecular mass calculation involves determining the total mass of a molecule by summing the masses of its constituent atoms. Each atom contributes to the molecular mass in proportion to its atomic mass and the number of atoms present in the molecular formula. This concept is fundamental in understanding how the mass of a complex molecule is built from individual atomic masses and is critical for further computations in stoichiometry and molecular analysis.

Avogadro's Number and the Mole Concept

The mole concept is a fundamental principle in chemistry that provides a bridge between the microscopic world of atoms and molecules and the macroscopic world we observe. Avogadro's number, approximately 6.022 × 10^23, defines the number of atoms, molecules, or particles contained in one mole of a substance. This conversion factor is crucial for determining the number of molecules in a given mass of a substance and allows chemists to relate experimental measurements to the number of molecular entities present.

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