Place the layers of the epidermis in order (1-5) from the...

Place the layers of the epidermis in order $(1-5)$ from the outermost layer to the layer attached to the dermis by the basement membrane. (p. 173)
stratum spinosum
stratum corneum
stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum

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Key Concepts

Stratum Basale

The deepest layer of the epidermis, also known as the basal cell layer, is responsible for generating new skin cells through constant mitotic activity. It is directly attached to the basement membrane, which connects the epidermis to the underlying dermis.

Stratum Granulosum

Located just beneath the stratum corneum, this layer contains keratinocytes that are undergoing the process of keratinization. The cells here have granules that contribute to the formation of a waterproof barrier against environmental damage.

Stratum Spinosum

This layer is characterized by keratinocytes linked by desmosomes, giving them a spiny appearance. It provides strength and flexibility to the epidermis, and its cells are in transition from living cells in deeper layers to the dead cells of the outer layer.

Stratum Corneum

This is the outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of dead, flattened, and keratinized cells. It serves as the primary protective barrier by preventing water loss and blocking external physical and chemical insult.

Epidermis

The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, made up of multiple layers of cells that serve as a barrier against environmental damage and pathogens. It is essential for skin protection, sensation, and thermoregulation.

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