An isometry is a function \( f: X \to Y \) between metric spaces \( (X, d_X) \) and \( (Y, d_Y) \) such that for all \( x, x' \in X \), the distance between \( f(x) \) and \( f(x') \) in \( Y \) is the same as the distance between \( x \) and \( x' \) in \( X \).
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