Quel moment dipolaire peut-on attribuer au composé CHCl3 (chloroforme) sachant que μC-H=0,4 D et

step 1 In this question we need to identify the compounds for which the net type of moment is zero. So

Quel moment dipolaire peut-on attribuer au composé CHCl3...

Key Concepts

Bond Dipole Moment

A bond dipole moment arises from the unequal sharing of electrons due to differences in electronegativity between two bonded atoms. It is represented as a vector pointing from the less electronegative atom to the more electronegative atom, and its magnitude depends on both the charge difference and the distance between the atoms.

Vector Addition of Dipole Moments

The overall molecular dipole moment is determined by the vector sum of all the individual bond dipoles. Since dipole moments are vectors, both their magnitudes and directions need to be considered. Proper vector addition can result in partial cancellation of individual dipoles or reinforcement, depending on the molecular geometry.

Molecular Geometry

The spatial arrangement of atoms within a molecule, or its molecular geometry, plays a crucial role in determining the net dipole moment. Even if individual bonds are polar, a symmetrical geometry may lead to cancellation of dipole vectors, while an asymmetrical arrangement can result in a net molecular dipole moment.

Electronegativity

Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond. Differences in electronegativity between bonded atoms create bond dipoles and are fundamental to understanding why certain bonds are polar, which in turn influences the overall dipole moment of the molecule.

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