Quels sont les éléments de la 4^e période qui possèdent, dans leur état fondamental, deux électr

Quels sont les éléments de la 4^e période qui possèdent,...

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Key Concepts

Electron Configuration

This concept refers to the distribution of electrons among an atom’s orbitals in its ground state. It follows a specific order according to energy levels, which is crucial for determining the number of electrons in each orbital and predicting physical and chemical properties.

Hund's Rule

Hund's rule states that when electrons occupy degenerate orbitals (orbitals with the same energy), they fill them singly as far as possible with parallel spins before any pairing occurs. This rule is essential for understanding how many unpaired electrons an atom can have in its ground state.

Aufbau Principle

The Aufbau principle is a guideline used to determine the order in which atomic orbitals are filled with electrons. It directs that electrons occupy the lowest available energy levels first, laying the foundation for constructing the electron configuration of an atom.

Unpaired Electrons

Unpaired electrons are those that occupy orbitals alone without a corresponding partner with opposite spin. The presence and number of these electrons are important because they determine the magnetic properties and reactivity of the element, and their identification relies on the electron configuration and orbital filling rules.

Transcript

00:01 Okay, so this question asks which elements from one to element 36 have unpaired electrons, two unpaired electrons in the ground state.

00:15 So the first thing is that we need to do is that we should write down the electron configurations that actually has an unpaired electrons in the ground state.

00:27 Has two, right? so now we can go.

00:32 So if the outlayered electron only lies on s -orbital, it's not possible because there's only one s -orbital can only hold two electrons, one orbitals.

00:47 So definitely it will start from p.

00:50 So first, let's write down the electron configurations.

00:56 In what case, it will have like two umpair electrons.

00:59 The np, i guess, mp2, because when you have p electrons, when to phase 2, there will be 2 ampere electrons.

01:16 Or there's another case that's this, it also has two ampere electrons.

01:26 So in this case is ns 2 mp4.

01:34 Now we can try to look at the d -arpitome.

01:37 Case if the element has deoctals, it can be this, right? which is probably we call that m minus 1, d2, and ns 2.

02:12 And another case is this, actually, a electron, d electrons.

02:26 So in this case, it's ns2, m minus 1, 2, m minus 1.

02:33 1d8.

02:35 So now we can try to find those elements...