Read the given statements and select the correct option....

Read the given statements and select the correct option. Statement $1:$ Chloroplast and mitochondria are semiautonomous bodies. Statement 2 : Chloroplast and mitochondria have their own DNA and protein synthesizing machinery. (a) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1 . (b) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1 (c) Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect. (d) Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.

Read the given statements and select the correct option. Statement $1:$ Chloroplast and mitochondria are semiautonomous bodies. Statement 2 : Chloroplast and mitochondria have their own DNA and protein synthesizing machinery.
(a) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1 .
(b) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1
(c) Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.
(d) Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.

Key Concepts

Intrinsic Genetic Material

Intrinsic genetic material means that an organelle contains its own DNA, which encodes some of the proteins required for its function. This genome is typically circular and resembles that of prokaryotes, supporting the idea that these organelles once existed as independent entities before becoming part of larger cells.

Semiautonomous Organelles

Semiautonomous organelles refer to structures within eukaryotic cells that possess some degree of functional independence, most notably demonstrated by having their own genetic material and the machinery necessary for protein synthesis. This characteristic allows them to carry out certain specialized functions independently of the nucleus, distinguishing them from other organelles that rely entirely on nuclear-encoded proteins.

Protein Synthesis Machinery

Protein synthesis machinery within an organelle indicates that it possesses the components such as ribosomes and tRNAs needed to translate its genetic code into proteins. This internal system allows the organelle to synthesize proteins independently, which is crucial for the regulation of its functions and responses to the cell's metabolic demands.

Endosymbiotic Theory

The endosymbiotic theory is a key concept that explains the origin of semiautonomous organelles. It proposes that certain organelles were once free-living prokaryotes that entered into a symbiotic relationship with a host cell. Over evolutionary time, these prokaryotes became an integral part of the host, retaining some of their independent genetic systems while also integrating into the cell’s overall functioning.

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