Read the given statements and select the correct option....

Read the given statements and select the correct option. Statement 1 : In the descending limb of loop of Henle, the urine is hypertonic, while in the ascending limb of loop of Henle, the urine becomes hypotonic. Statement $2:$ Descending limb is impermeable to $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$, while ascending limb is impermeable to $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$. (a) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1 . (b) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement $1 .$ (c) Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect. (d) Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.

Read the given statements and select the correct option. Statement 1 : In the descending limb of loop of Henle, the urine is hypertonic, while in the ascending limb of loop of Henle, the urine becomes hypotonic. Statement $2:$ Descending limb is impermeable to $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$, while ascending limb is impermeable to $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$.
(a) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1 .
(b) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement $1 .$
(c) Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.
(d) Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.

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Key Concepts

Loop of Henle Permeability

The loop of Henle is a pivotal structure in the nephron characterized by distinct permeability properties in its two limbs. The descending limb is permeable to water but has limited permeability to solutes, which causes water to leave the filtrate as it moves through the hyperosmotic medulla. In contrast, the ascending limb actively transports solutes, such as sodium, out of the filtrate while being essentially impermeable to water, leading to the formation of a less concentrated (hypotonic) fluid.

Countercurrent Multiplier Mechanism

The countercurrent multiplier mechanism is a fundamental concept that explains how the kidney establishes and maintains an osmotic gradient in the medulla. This gradient is created by the differential transport and permeability properties within the loop of Henle. As water is reabsorbed from the descending limb and ions are actively pumped out in the ascending limb, a high osmolality in the medullary interstitium is established, which is essential for the kidney's ability to concentrate urine.

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