Salsa has antibacterial properties because it contains...

Salsa has antibacterial properties because it contains dodecenal (Figure $\mathrm{P} 20.81$ ), a compound found in the cilantro used to make salsa. a. How many carbon atoms are in dodecenal? b. What functional groups are present in dodecenal? c. What types of isomerism are possible in dodecenal? (FIGURE CAN'T COPY)

Salsa has antibacterial properties because it contains dodecenal (Figure $\mathrm{P} 20.81$ ), a compound found in the cilantro used to make salsa.
a. How many carbon atoms are in dodecenal?
b. What functional groups are present in dodecenal?
c. What types of isomerism are possible in dodecenal?
(FIGURE CAN'T COPY)

Key Concepts

Organic Nomenclature

Organic nomenclature provides a systematic way to name compounds so that a molecule’s structure, including the number of carbon atoms and the presence of unsaturation, is immediately apparent. In names such as dodecenal, the prefix indicates a 12?carbon chain, while infixes and suffixes indicate unsaturation (the presence of double bonds) and the aldehyde functional group, respectively.

Aldehyde Functional Group

The aldehyde functional group is characterized by the –CHO unit, where the carbonyl carbon is double-bonded to oxygen and bonded to a hydrogen atom. This group is typically found at the end of the carbon chain, and it plays a significant role in the chemical reactivity of the molecule, including its oxidation and reduction reactions.

Alkene Functional Group

The alkene functional group consists of a carbon–carbon double bond, which introduces unsaturation into the molecule. This double bond is a source of reactivity and also allows for geometrical (cis/trans) isomerism due to the restricted rotation around the double bond, thereby contributing significantly to the diversity of possible structures.

Isomerism in Organic Chemistry

Isomerism in organic chemistry refers to the phenomenon where molecules with the same molecular formula have different structures or spatial arrangements. In molecules like dodecenal, isomerism can occur in multiple ways, including structural isomerism (such as variations in the position of the double bond relative to the aldehyde group) and stereoisomerism (such as cis/trans isomerism at the carbon–carbon double bond).

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