Search for 2 2 4 8 4 5 . 6 3 𝐒 1 1 7 2 0 1 2 . 8 5 𝐄 and zoom to an eye altitude of 25 miles. Th

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Search for 2 2 4 8 4 5 . 6 3 𝐒 1 1 7 2 0 1 2 . 8 5 𝐄 and...

Search for $\mathbf{2 2} \mathbf{4 8} \mathbf{4 5 . 6 3 S} \mathbf{1 1} 7 \mathbf{2 0} \mathbf{1 2 . 8} \mathbf{5} \mathbf{E}$ and zoom to an eye altitude of 25 miles. This feature is caused by the folding of rocks. a. Imagine you are a geologist trying to determine what is going on in the area. How could you tell if this large bullseye structure is a dome or a basin (State whether this is a dome or basin, and give two different ways to tell them apart)? b. Examine the feature $\sim 10$ miles southwest of the previous feature. Is this fold horizontal or plunging, how can you tell?

Search for $\mathbf{2 2} \mathbf{4 8} \mathbf{4 5 . 6 3 S} \mathbf{1 1} 7 \mathbf{2 0} \mathbf{1 2 . 8} \mathbf{5} \mathbf{E}$ and zoom to an eye altitude of 25
miles. This feature is caused by the folding of rocks.
a. Imagine you are a geologist trying to determine what is going on in the area. How could you tell if this large bullseye structure is a dome or a basin (State whether this is a dome or basin, and give two different ways to tell them apart)?
b. Examine the feature $\sim 10$ miles southwest of the previous feature. Is this fold horizontal or plunging, how can you tell?

Key Concepts

Dome and Basin Structures

In structural geology, domes and basins are large-scale rock formations characterized by their convex-up (domes) or concave-up (basins) geometries. A dome is an upwarped structure where rock layers dip away from a central point, often resulting in the older rocks being exposed at the center. In contrast, a basin is a downwarped area where layers converge toward the center, typically yielding younger rocks in the middle. Differentiating between the two involves analyzing the direction of rock layer dips using field data, geologic maps, or cross-sectional views, as well as observing drainage patterns and landform symmetry in the area of interest.

Fold Geometry: Horizontal versus Plunging Folds

Fold geometry involves the three?dimensional orientation of folded rock layers, specifically focusing on the attitude of the fold axis. Horizontal (non-plunging) folds have axes that are nearly horizontal, making the fold pattern symmetric when viewed from above, while plunging folds have axes inclined relative to the horizontal plane. Identifying whether a fold is horizontal or plunging can be accomplished by examining the orientation of the fold's hinge line on maps, analyzing strike and dip measurements, and interpreting the spatial distribution of geologic features. This analysis helps geologists infer the forces and processes that resulted in the current structure.

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