Select the incorrect statement from the following: (a)...

Select the incorrect statement from the following: (a) Animals accumulate ammonia, urea, uric acid, $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ and water by metabolic activities. (b) Animal accumulate substances like ions $\left(\mathrm{Na}^{+}, \mathrm{K}^{+}, \mathrm{Cl}^{-}\right)$ and urea, ammonia, uric acid, $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ and water are removed totally or partially. (c) Ammonia produced by metabolism is converted into urea in the liver of mammals. (d) Kidneys play significant role in the removal of ammonia directly.

Select the incorrect statement from the following:
(a) Animals accumulate ammonia, urea, uric acid, $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ and water by metabolic activities.
(b) Animal accumulate substances like ions $\left(\mathrm{Na}^{+}, \mathrm{K}^{+}, \mathrm{Cl}^{-}\right)$ and urea, ammonia, uric acid, $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ and water are removed totally or partially.
(c) Ammonia produced by metabolism is converted into urea in the liver of mammals.
(d) Kidneys play significant role in the removal of ammonia directly.

Key Concepts

Role of Excretory Organs

The excretory system, which includes organs such as the liver and kidneys, is essential in filtering metabolic wastes, regulating osmotic balance, and maintaining homeostasis. The liver processes toxic substances like ammonia, turning it into less harmful compounds like urea, while the kidneys selectively remove excess ions, water, and metabolic wastes from the blood, thus playing a central role in waste elimination.

Osmoregulation and Ion Regulation

Osmoregulation refers to the regulation of water and electrolyte balance within an organism. Animals continuously manage the levels of various ions (e.g., sodium, potassium, chloride) along with water retention or loss. This management is crucial for maintaining cellular function and overall physiological homeostasis.

Excretion of Nitrogenous Wastes

This concept involves the processes by which animals eliminate toxic metabolic by?products, particularly nitrogenous wastes such as ammonia, urea, and uric acid. The form of waste excreted is largely dependent on the animal’s evolutionary background and environmental adaptations, balancing toxicity, water conservation, and energy expenditure.

Conversion of Ammonia to Urea (Urea Cycle)

Ammonia, a highly toxic by-product of protein metabolism, is converted into urea in the liver of many vertebrates through a metabolic pathway known as the urea cycle. This conversion minimizes the toxic effects of ammonia and facilitates its safe transport and excretion via the kidneys.

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