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There are four big things that enzymes have in common.
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First, enzymes are substrate specific.
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What that means, if you have an enzyme lactase, and we know it's an enzyme because it ends in ace, the substrate is specific to is lactose, the sugar found in milk.
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And so enzymes are substrate specific because the substrate has to sit in a specialized active side on the enzyme in order to be converted to its products.
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Number two, enzymes change the rate of chemical reactions.
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So enzymes speed up chemical reactions.
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The way they do this is by lowering the activation energy.
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The activation energy is the energy required to make the chemical reaction proceed forward.
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And so enzymes can speed up that chemical reaction because they require lower levels of energy to be put into the reaction to get the reaction up and running.
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Number three, enzymes have environmental conditions that they like to work in...