Some plant fertilizer compounds are (NH4)2 SO4, Ca3(PO4)2, K2 O, P2 O5, and KCl. Which of these

step 1 Problem 21 lists several compounds that are found in fertilizers and asks which compounds contai

Some plant fertilizer compounds are (NH4)2 SO4, Ca3(PO4)2,...

Some plant fertilizer compounds are $\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}, \mathrm{Ca}_{3}\left(\mathrm{PO}_{4}\right)_{2}, \mathrm{~K}_{2} \mathrm{O}$,
$\mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}$, and $\mathrm{KCl}$. Which of these compounds contain both ionic and covalent bonds?

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Key Concepts

Polyatomic Ions

Polyatomic ions are charged entities composed of two or more atoms that are covalently bonded together. For example, ions such as sulfate (SO4^2-) and phosphate (PO4^3-) have covalent bonds linking their constituent atoms, yet they possess an overall charge that enables them to form ionic bonds with counterions in a compound. This dual nature means compounds containing polyatomic ions can exhibit both ionic and covalent bonding characteristics.

Ionic Bonds

Ionic bonds are formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, typically between a metal and a nonmetal. In these bonds, the donor atom becomes a cation and the acceptor atom becomes an anion, and the resulting electrostatic attraction holds the two ions together in a lattice structure. Ionic compounds often dissolve in water and conduct electricity when molten or in solution.

Covalent Bonds

Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share pairs of electrons. They usually occur between nonmetal atoms and result in the formation of discrete molecules or polyatomic ions. The shared electrons allow each atom to attain a stable electronic configuration similar to noble gases.

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