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State the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Describe briefly what the principle implies.
Chemistry 101
Chapter 6
Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties of Elements
Electronic Structure
Periodic Table properties
University of Central Florida
University of Kentucky
University of Toronto
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so over this problem. We're looking at the Heisenberg and sit uncertainty principle, and they simply want us to stay with The principal is just think about it in a little bit deeper detail. So the Heisenberg uncertainty principle sort of a balance between a particle's momentum and its position, and ultimately with the principle states, is that it's impossible to know the momentum of a particle and its position at the exact same time. Those exact values cannot be calculated for a particle simultaneously. Um, and I think that this is illustrated best looking at the equations that are listed in most test textbooks. Um, so that is tthe e. This Delta X term represents the position of a particle times. The Delta P is the representation of the momentum of the particle, these two exact values. Ah, the product of these values which were going to rewrite in their more physical form. So Delta X is exactly what it is. But the men's, um, could be rewritten as the mass of the particle times. It's changing velocity. Um, these values, multiplied together, are always greater than or equal to. This symbol represents a derivation of planks constant. You can find that in your book. It's not really important, um, to know exactly what it is for this process. Um, that value, divided by two on the point of this equation, is that we never won. We don't have an equal sign here, so there's no way for us to exactly calculate how these two exactly I'll use can relate to this value. The other thing that I think that this illustrates fairly well is you know, the product of these values must always equal this, and this is a constant. So that means that as as high as our certainty gets in the position of X, that means the certainty in the momentum needs to be infinite. Tess Millay Low and vice versa. So we know the exact position of a particle. We essentially know absolutely nothing about its momentum. And if we know the exact momentum of a particle, we pretty much know nothing about its position. This is the underlying principle that governs our understanding of electrons and their motion. For example,
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