State whether each of the following reactions is an acidbase...

State whether each of the following reactions is an acidbase reaction, according to the definitions of Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis. (a) $\mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})+\mathrm{LiOH}(\mathrm{s}) \rightarrow \mathrm{LiHCO}_{3}(\mathrm{~s})$ (b) $\mathrm{SO}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{g}) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3}(\mathrm{~g})$

State whether each of the following reactions is an acidbase reaction, according to the definitions of Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis.
(a) $\mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})+\mathrm{LiOH}(\mathrm{s}) \rightarrow \mathrm{LiHCO}_{3}(\mathrm{~s})$
(b) $\mathrm{SO}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{g}) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3}(\mathrm{~g})$

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Key Concepts

Arrhenius Acid-Base Theory

This concept involves defining acids and bases in terms of their behavior in aqueous solutions. An Arrhenius acid is a substance that increases the concentration of H? (or hydronium ions) when dissolved in water, while an Arrhenius base increases the concentration of OH? ions. The focus of this theory is on the production of specific ions in water, making it a relatively narrow definition that applies only to reactions in aqueous media.

Bronsted-Lowry Acid-Base Theory

This theory expands the definition of acids and bases to include proton transfer between reactants. A Brønsted-Lowry acid is defined as a proton donor, and a Brønsted-Lowry base is defined as a proton acceptor. This concept is more general than the Arrhenius definition because it does not require the reaction to occur in water, and it emphasizes the role of proton exchange in determining acid-base behavior.

Lewis Acid-Base Theory

The Lewis acid-base theory further generalizes the concept of acid-base reactions by defining acids as electron pair acceptors and bases as electron pair donors. This definition does not rely on the transfer of protons and can therefore account for a wider variety of reactions, including those that do not involve hydrogen atoms. The focus is on the movement of electron pairs rather than specific ions or protons.

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