Sublimation of 1.0 g of dry ice, CO2(s), forms 0.36 L of CO2(g)(at-78^∘ C and 1.01 ×10^5 Pa) T

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Sublimation of 1.0 g of dry ice, CO2(s), forms 0.36 L of...

Sublimation of $1.0 \mathrm{g}$ of dry ice, $\mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{s}),$ forms $0.36 \mathrm{L}$ of $\mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{g})\left(\mathrm{at}-78^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \text { and } 1.01 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{Pa}\right)$ The expanding gas can do work on the surroundings (Figure 5.8 ). Calculate the amount of work done on the surroundings.

Sublimation of $1.0 \mathrm{g}$ of dry ice, $\mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{s}),$ forms $0.36 \mathrm{L}$ of $\mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{g})\left(\mathrm{at}-78^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \text { and } 1.01 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{Pa}\right)$
The expanding gas can do work on the surroundings (Figure 5.8 ). Calculate the amount of work done on the surroundings.

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Key Concepts

Phase Transition (Sublimation)

Sublimation is the process by which a substance transitions directly from the solid phase to the gas phase without passing through the liquid phase. This concept is essential when analyzing energy changes and work during phase change processes, as it involves significant volume expansion and associated energy transformations.

Pressure–Volume Work

In thermodynamics, work done by a system during expansion or compression at constant external pressure is calculated using the relation w = -P?V, where P is the external pressure and ?V is the change in volume. This concept is critical when determining the mechanical work associated with gas expansion from a phase transition.

Unit Conversion

Accurate calculation of thermodynamic work requires consistent units across all physical quantities. Converting volumes to SI units (for example, liters to cubic meters) and ensuring pressure is expressed in pascals is necessary for correctly applying formulas such as w = -P?V.

Thermodynamic Sign Conventions

The sign convention in thermodynamics indicates that work done by the system on the surroundings is negative, while work done on the system is positive. This convention is key to correctly interpreting the direction of energy transfer during processes such as the expansion of gas.

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