Supply the missing information in each of the following nuclear equations representing a radioac

Supply the missing information in each of the following...

Key Concepts

Conservation Laws in Nuclear Reactions

This concept involves ensuring that the total mass number and the atomic number are conserved in any nuclear reaction. It is essential to balance the nuclear equation such that the sum of the atomic numbers and the sum of the mass numbers on the reactant side equal those on the product side, which reflects the physical conservation of nucleons and charge.

Nuclear Decay Processes

Nuclear decay processes refer to the transformation of an unstable nucleus into a more stable nucleus with the emission of particles such as alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays. Each decay process alters the composition and energy state of the nucleus, and understanding these transformations is key to analyzing radioactive decay.

Alpha Decay

Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay where an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle, which consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. This emission causes the resulting daughter nucleus to have its atomic number reduced by 2 and its mass number reduced by 4, a pattern that is used to balance nuclear equations involving alpha decay.

Beta Decay

Beta decay is a process in which a nucleus emits a beta particle, which may be an electron or positron, resulting from the transformation of a neutron to a proton or vice versa. Unlike alpha decay, beta decay does not change the mass number, though it alters the atomic number by one, emphasizing the role of subatomic particle conversion in achieving nuclear stability.

Nuclear Equation Balancing

Balancing nuclear equations involves not only equating the number of nucleons on both sides of the reaction but also ensuring the proper representation of emitted particles. This key concept is fundamental in the analysis of radioactive decay, as it allows for the identification of missing components by applying conservation principles to both atomic and mass numbers.

Transcript

00:01 Okay, we have four subparts for this question and we have to complete the reactions provided.

00:10 So starting with part a, we have 160 w with unknown atomic number resulting in formation of hafnium with unknown mass number and atomic number along with the unknown product.

00:30 The atomic number of hafnium and our reactants are provided, which are w equals 74, and for halfnium, the atomic number is 72 respectively.

00:54 So the equation now becomes 160, w 74, which results information of halfneum.

01:04 72 unknown plus unknown material.

01:09 We know that the sum of atomic numbers, yes, we know that the sum of atomic number and mass number on both side of equation should remain the same.

01:24 So the atomic number of unknown element can be x 74 equals 72 plus x so 74 minus 72 equals 2 equals 2 and 2 atomic number represents helium we know that the mass number for helium is 4 so this will be atomic number and we already know the mass number for helium is equal to 4.

02:07 So as of now, the helium unknown particle can be written as 4 to helium.

02:19 Now this helium is alpha particle.

02:25 As we have discussed earlier, the mass number of hafnium, so mass number for hafnium will be equal to 160 which is your initial mass number minus 4 for the helium mass number equals 156 substituting all of these values into the reaction we have 160 74 leads to formation of 156 72 hf plus 4 to 4 to moving on to our second reaction, the atomic number of chlorine and argon, atomic number of chlorine is 17 and atomic number of argon is 18.

03:30 Further, the sum of atomic number and mass number on the both side of equations should be the same.

03:37 So to determine the unknown atomic number will have 17 equals 18 plus x and the value of x turn out to be negative 1.

03:53 Now we have negative 1 atomic number only in the case of a beta particle.

04:02 Hence, we can write the equation as 38, 17, chlorine leads to formation of argon with unknown mass number, atomic number 18 plus a beta particle...

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