Suppose that the gasoline market is competitive and that the government grants a subsidy to the industry's firms of 50 cents per gallon. How will the subsidy affect price; output; and consumer, producer, government, and total surplus? Is there a deadweight loss associated with the subsidy? Does the price to consumers fall by more if the industry is increasing-cost or constant-cost? (Hint: This situation is the reverse of the excise tax analysis: the supply curve shifts down in height by 50 cents per gallon.)